Download Behind Human Error (2nd edition) by Richard Cook, David D. Woods, Sidney Dekker, Leila PDF
By Richard Cook, David D. Woods, Sidney Dekker, Leila Johannesen, Nadine Sarter
Human errors is mentioned again and again as a explanation for incidents and injuries. the result's a common belief of a 'human errors problem,' and ideas are proposal to lie in altering the folk or their position within the method. for instance, we must always decrease the human position with extra automation, or regiment human habit via stricter tracking, ideas or strategies. yet in perform, issues have proved to not be this easy. The label 'human error' is prejudicial and unspecific, and any critical exam of the human contribution to defense and to approach failure exhibits that the tale of human errors is markedly complicated. This ebook takes you at the back of the human errors label. Divided into 5 elements, it starts by means of summarising the main major examine effects. half 2 explores how a altering realizing of injuries and an embracing of structures pondering has noticeably impacted rules approximately human errors. half three explains the function of ordinary cognitive procedure components (knowledge, mind-set, and ambitions) in working accurately on the sharp finish. half four reviews how the clumsy use of laptop know-how can elevate the possibility of inaccurate activities and checks in every kind of fields of perform. And half five tells how the hindsight bias consistently enters into attributions of blunders, and that human errors is an insignificant label, the results of a social and mental judgment procedure instead of a question of aim incontrovertible fact that we will be able to count number, tabulate, punish or get rid of. for those who imagine you will have a human errors challenge, realize that the label itself isn't any clarification and no consultant to countermeasures. the potential of positive swap, for development on security, lies at the back of the human errors label.
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Additional resources for Behind Human Error (2nd edition)
Example text
Also Edwards, 1984). For example, in critical care medicine it is possible that the physician’s assessments, plans, and therapeutic responses are “correct” for a trauma victim, and yet the patient outcome may be less than desirable; the patient’s injuries may have been too severe or extensive. Similarly, not all process defects are associated with bad outcomes. Less than expert performance may be insufficient to create a bad outcome by itself; the operation of other factors may be required as well.
Despite many attempts, no basic premises 23 one has succeeded in developing a single and simple answer to this question. However, if we are ambiguous about the particular standard adopted to define “error” in particular studies or incidents, then we greatly retard our ability to engage in a constructive and empirically grounded debate about error. All claims about when an action or assessment is erroneous in a process sense must be accompanied by an explicit statement of the standard used for defining departures from good process.
Error recovery depends on the observability of the monitored process which is in large part a property of the human-computer interface for computerized systems. For example, is it easy to see if there is a mismatch between expected state and the actual state of the system? , Moll van Charante, Cook, Woods, Yue, and Howie, 1993, for automated operating room devices; Woods, Potter, Johannesen, and Holloway, 1991, for intelligent systems for fault management of space vehicle systems; Sarter and Woods, 1993, for cockpit automation).