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29. Although typical of the behavior of axially compressed columns and externally pressurized cylinders, these curves are representative of most structures. In general, a structural Fig. org/about-asme/terms-of-use 38 Chapter 1 component will deviate initially from a perfect geometrical structure by some small amount. Under a system of loads, below those that would cause elastic or inelastic instability, the initial deflection is magnified over time due to creep. The deflection increases until the geometrical configuration becomes unstable, as shown by point A in Fig.

26. A much more comprehensive development of the Bree and O’Donnell/Porowski assessment of ratcheting is presented in Appendix A. org/about-asme/terms-of-use 34 Chapter 1 Fig. 4 Fatigue and Creep-Fatigue A very important consideration in elevated temperature design is the reduction in cyclic life due to the effects of creep. This is illustrated by Fig. 27 showing the effects of hold time on the cyclic life of 304 stainless steel at 1100°F (595°C). The loading cycle is constantly increasing tensile strain followed by a hold time at a fixed strain and then a constantly decreasing strain back to the original starting point.

2) to regular engineering problems, although simpler than Eq. 1), is still very complicated due to the non-linear relationship between stress and strain. This is illustrated in the following example. 1 What are the forces in the cyclone support rods shown in Fig. 2a using (1) elastic analysis, (2) plastic analysis, and (3) creep analysis? Assume all members to have the same cross-sectional area, A. Fig. org/about-asme/terms-of-use Axially Loaded Members 43 Fig. 2 Structural frame Solution (a) Elastic analysis Referring to Fig.