Download HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa: Politics, Aid and by Adrian Flint (auth.) PDF
By Adrian Flint (auth.)
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Additional info for HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa: Politics, Aid and Globalization
Example text
Others have questioned the value of determining the exact causes of the jump. In the late 1980s, the head of the Ugandan AIDS Committee argued that combating HIV/AIDS should take priority over efforts to pinpoint its origins, commenting that ‘there is a snake in the house. ’ (Rödlach 2006). Conversely, at a Royal Society meeting called to discuss the origins of HIV/AIDS, Kevin De Cock (2001) acknowledged that although ‘the origins of HIV-1 and HIV-2 seem academic questions compared with the urgent needs for prevention and care, public health cannot ignore how the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) pandemic emerged’.
The American Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first HIV-antibody test in 1985. However, testing remained a slow, expensive and complex process for much of the 1980s and 1990s. It was only as of 2002 that a rapid blood test, capable of producing a result in 20 minutes, was devised. Further advances have seen the FDA authorize a ‘home testing kit’, which is available to Americans via the internet or local pharmacies (Waxman 2008). However, testing in less developed countries, particularly in the early days of HIV/AIDS, provided significant challenges in terms of both cost and logistics.
Syphilis was associated with the ‘extinction’ of local populations. It was sexually transmitted, it provoked debates centred on questions of sexual morality and it reinforced Europeans’ preconceived image of Africans as over-sexed and promiscuous. High prevalence rates of syphilis, together with other sexually-transmitted diseases, combined to buttress the outsider view that there was something ‘different’ about African societies. During the colonial era, it was easy to lay the blame for syphilis on the victims themselves.