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By Richard Gill (auth.)
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Extra resources for In Memoriam by Alfred Tennyson
Sample text
Poem 95, the one in which 'the dead man touch'd me from the past' and 'The living soul was flash'd on mind' is the subject of chapter 5, so readers should turn to it for a more detailed discussion of its significance. For the moment, it is sufficient to note that its second stanza fulfils, in its evocation of the night scene, the conditions set down in 94 for communion between the living and the dead: And calm that let the tapers burn Unwavering: not a cricket chirr'd: The brook alone far-off was heard, And on the board the fluttering urn: The 'calm that let the tapers [candles] burn' is the outward expression of the need for 'Imaginations calm and fair' (94); 'not a cricket chirr'd fulfils the 'silence of the breast' (94) which is necessary for the entry of the departed spirit, and the distant sound of the brook echoes 'The conscience as a sea at rest' (94).
One of the early manuscripts of In Memoriam shows that 123 was the last poem. This is of interest because it contains in its last stanza the word 'adieu', which was prominent in an earlier manuscript's closing poem, 57. One can only guess what made Tennyson add more poems. Perhaps 124 was felt to be necessary because whilst it deals very dramatically with the tension between nature and the self it is a louder and more affirmative poem. The manner of 124 is, initially, more logical. It starts with some sweeping (and pretty vague) definitions of God before going on to assert that the poet did not find him in nature.
The communal has replaced the private. 108-114 These poems are perhaps the most difficult for modern readers. It is not that they are obscure (though 112 is knotty) but that the fulsome praise for the dead is felt to be excessive and, consequently, embarrassing. It is worthwhile asking whether our inability to take high praise seriously is our loss. We do not find it easy to believe in public heroes or people who are masters in many walks of life. It may be that another age will find them more congenial.