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By Albert Sparks (Auth.)
Invertebrate Pathology Noncommunicable Diseases
summary: Invertebrate Pathology Noncommunicable ailments
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Extra info for Invertebrate Pathology Noncommunicable Diseases
Sample text
In the third study conducted on the internal defense mechanisms of sponges, Cheng et al. (1968c) investigated the cellular reaction of Terpios zeteki to the following implanted heterologous biological mate rials: human erythrocytes, trematode rediae and cercariae, and molluscan muscle tissue. Human erythrocytes injected or implanted in Terpios zeteki are either phagocytized or encapsulated by archaeocytes (Figs. 12A) and are gradually eliminated from the mesoglea via the migration of the host's cells into the excurrent canals (Fig.
Phagocytic activity of the amoebo cytes, however, is extremely weak; this function is taken over largely by emigrating ectodermal epithelial cells. The role of the amoebocytes in inflammation is still not clear. The modifications of the collagenous sub stance and the marked disintegration and dedifferentiation of the epi thelial layers, along with the rapid appearance of regeneration phenom ena, are characteristic of the inflammatory response and wound repair in these animals. The occurrence of mitotic figures and binucleate amoebocytes indicates that multiplication of amoebocytes contributes to the regeneration of the cell elements of the mesoglea, but the migration of epithelial cells into the mesoglea and their subsequent cell division leave little doubt that the epithelial cells also contribute to these processes.
Reaction to Injury and Wound Repair 21 substances, not yet completely understood, that initiate the inflammatory response. Almost immediately, the small blood vessels near the injury contract and then dilate. Vasodilation is accompanied by increased capillary permeability, allowing leukocytes and plasma to escape into the injured area. Erythrocytes become concentrated in the capillaries because of the loss of fluid through transudation. The loss of fluid and packing of erythrocytes increase the viscosity of the blood in the capil laries, resulting in reduced blood flow (stasis).