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By Alomia, K. Merling
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Example text
For the next 200 years, the empire continued its slow decline. Diocletian’s Reforms In 284 Diocletian, a former commoner from Dalmatia, emerged as the next emperor. His reign marked the start of what some historians call the Dominate, which replaced the Principate founded by Augustus. Under the Principate, the emperors claimed to rule by the authority of the people and the Senate. Diocletian considered himself the dominus, the “lord and master” of Rome. The empire was now officially a dictatorship, with the emperor and the military in control.
Trajan is best remembered, however, for carrying out several military campaigns that led to the last major expansion of the Roman Empire’s borders. In 101 the Roman army invaded Dacia. The empire’s relation with the kingdom there had been shaky since Domitian’s reign. Trajan wanted to make sure Dacia acknowledged Rome’s rule. With its defeat in 102, Dacia once again became a client CONNECTIONS state. Three years later, however, the Dacians challenged Rome’s dominance. Trajan returned to the kingdom, won a decisive victory, and made Dacia a province of the In 79, the year Titus became emperor, Rome faced one of empire.
The ancient historian Ammianus (c. 330–395) described the scene in his History, “. such great clouds of dust arose that it was hardly possible to see the sky. The air resounded with terrible cries. The darts, which brought death on every side, reached their mark and fell with deadly effect, for no one could see them quickly enough to place himself on guard. ” The Romans kept the Goths from advancing to Constantinople, but the Goths continued to rampage in the Balkans. In 379, an Iberian general named Theodosius (c.