Download Network Hardening: An Automated Approach to Improving by Lingyu Wang PDF

By Lingyu Wang

This Springer short examines the instruments in accordance with assault graphs that support exhibit community hardening threats. latest instruments aspect all attainable assault paths resulting in serious community assets. although no present device offers a right away approach to eliminate the threats, they seem to be a extra effective technique of community safeguard than depending completely at the event and talents of a human analyst. Key history info on assault graphs and community hardening is helping readers comprehend the complexities of those instruments and strategies. community Hardening: an automatic method of enhancing community defense is a worthy source for researchers and execs operating in community safety. it's also a useful gizmo for advanced-level scholars excited by safeguard in computing device technology and electric engineering.

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A is an allowable hardening action. We use A to denote the set of all possible hardening actions. stop_ftp(2) block_host(0) stop_sshd(1) ftp(0,1) ftp_rhosts(0,1) ftp(1,2) trust(1,0) sshd(0,1) ftp(0,2) ftp_rhosts(1,2) rsh(0,1) sshd_bof(0,1) ftp_rhosts(0,2) trust(2,1) user(1) trust(2,0) rsh(1,2) rsh(0,2) user(2) local_bof(2) root(2) Fig. 3 Possible hardening actions (orange rectangles) for the attack graph of Fig. 3 depicts the same attack graph of Fig. 2, but it explicitly shows the allowable hardening actions, represented as rounded rectangles.

2 Therefore, when choosing a set of initial conditions to be removed in order to prevent attacks on given targets, we should take into account all the implications of removing those conditions. Removing specific initial conditions may require to take actions that disable additional conditions, including conditions not explicitly modeled in the attack graph, such as conditions that are not part of any attack path. To address this problem, we formalize the notion of hardening strategy in terms of allowable actions, and define a cost model that takes into account the impact of hardening actions.

6 shows an example of attack graph with two initial conditions. c1 _ c2 / ^ c1 ^ c2 /, and the DNF is L Á :c1 ^ :c2 _ :c1 _ :c2 . Clearly, among the three options :c1 ^ :c2 , :c1 , and :c2 , the first incurs no less cost than the second or the third and hence should be removed from consideration. The above example also shows that theoretically the DNF of L may have an exponential size in the number of initial conditions (after the above reduction, this number of options will be bound by the number of incomparable subsets of n n by Sperner’s initial conditions, which is known as the binomial coefficient bn=2c Theorem).

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