Download Reptilian Lungs: Functional Anatomy and Evolution by Steven F. Perry PDF
By Steven F. Perry
This monograph has tried to assemble morphological and physiological reports of reptilian lungs, to research the character of the ensuing correlations, and to probability a few speculations concerning the evolution of reptilian lung constitution. crucial to this paintings is the morphometric evaluate of the lungs in species of lizard: "the teju (Tupinambis nigropunctatus Spix) and the savanna visual display unit (Varanus exanthema ticus [Bosc]) that is provided right here for the 1st time. those species are comparable in physique shape, and either are diurnally lively predators, yet their lungs are of easy best friend assorted structural forms. The teju possesses really small, single-chambered (unicameral) lungs during which the homeycomb-like (faveolar) parenchyma is kind of calmly disbursed alongside their size. within the display screen the lungs are huge and many-chambered (multicameral), the person chambers connecting to an unbranched, intrapulmonary bronchus. The parenchyma is within the type of shallow compartments (ediculae), that are elaborated at the intercameral septa. The parenchyma is heterogeneously dispensed in the lungs, tending to be so much targeted close to the intrapulmonary bronchus and the center 3rd of the lung size. The ventral and caudal parts of those lungs are thin-walled and hugely versatile. In either species these parts of the lungs that are so much uncovered to air convection own dense capillary nets which just about thoroughly disguise either side of the parenchymal walls. in additional distal areas of the parenchy ma or of the lung, the intercapillary areas develop into higher, making a pseudo-single capillary internet.
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Example text
1969); maximal YO, h Gehr et al. (1981) Salorinne (1976); resting Turino et al. (1969); exercise Although L1Pto, in Fig. 25 is expressed in the same units (Torr) as the "alveolar· arterial" partial pressure difference (L1P [A -a] 0,), it is not identical with the physiologically determined factor. Rather, it results from the combination of two different expressions for diffusing capacity. In morphometriC expression (Dto, = Kto, . SR/rt), the tissue barrier is that portion of the lung tissue lying over the capillaries, whereas in the expression employed for physiological determination of diffusing capacity (YO, = Do, .
19b). 7% of the muscular volume of the trabeculae (Fig. 19a). Trabeculae. The trabeculae are composed primarily of a central bundle of smooth muscle, which may contain elastic tissue. 8% in more distal regions of the lung. In the teju lung the elastic tissue tends to envelop the trabecular smooth muscle, whereas in the monitor lung a mixture of smooth muscle and elastic tissue is present (Figs. 7 and 8), as it is in the turtle lung (Perry 1972). In the lungs of both teju and monitor, the proportion of the trabeculae which is composed of smooth muscle increases with increasing trabecular size (Fig.
Unicameral lung with faveolar parenchyma: This method of increasing diffusing capacity is advantageous for small and/or thin animals which are able to satisfy their oxygen demand without greatly elevated levels of convection across the exchange surfaces. , by intracardiac shunt mechanisms and alteration of breathing patterns) but also anatomically by adjustment of the surface-to-volume ratio in the parenchyma. The effectiveness of this lung type is limited by the faveolar depth. It is therefore not well suited for large, broad animals.