Download Studying Bilinguals (Oxford Linguistics) by François Grosjean PDF
By François Grosjean
Even if greater than part the world's inhabitants is bilingual, the learn of bilinguals has lagged in the back of that of monolinguals. With this ebook, which attracts on twenty-five years of the author's learn, Fran?ois Grosjean contributes considerably to redressing the stability. the amount covers 4 components of analysis: the definition and characterization of the bilingual individual, the conception and creation of spoken language via bilinguals, the sign-oral bilingualism of the Deaf, and methodological and conceptual concerns in learn on bilingualism. whereas the writer takes a mostly psycholinguistic strategy, his acute linguistic and sociolinguistic understanding is obvious all through and particularly so in his reflections on what it capability to be bilingual and bicultural. The e-book additionally defends elevated co-operation between researchers in connecting fields reminiscent of the language sciences and the neurosciences.
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Extra info for Studying Bilinguals (Oxford Linguistics)
Sample text
1 Description Language mode is the state of activation of the bilingual’s languages and language processing mechanisms at a given point in time. 1. The bilingual’s languages (A and B) are depicted on the vertical axis by a square located in the top and bottom parts of the figure, their level of activation is represented by the degree of darkness of the square (black for a highly active language and white for a deactivated language), and the ensuing language mode is depicted by the position of the two squares (linked by a discontinuous line) 1 At this stage, only the regular use of two languages in relatively stable bilinguals will be considered.
All of this has to be kept in mind when assessing the competence bilinguals have in their languages and when testing them experimentally in a laboratory situation. PART II Language Mode 36 language mode Introduction Chapter 4, “The Bilingual’s Language Modes”, is a reprint of my chapter in Janet Nicol’s book, One Mind, Two Languages: Bilingual Language Processing (2001). Language mode, which is the state of activation of the bilingual’s languages and language processing mechanisms at any given point in time, has a very real impact on the bilingual’s everyday behavior.
1973; Elman et al. ). 2 Factors that influence language mode Any number of factors can help position a bilingual speaker or listener at a particular point on the language mode continuum, that is, set the activation level of the bilingual’s languages and language processing mechanisms. ). Thus, a monolingual mode will arise when the interlocutor or the situation is monolingual and/or other factors require that only one language be spoken to the exclusion of the other. This is the case, for example, when a bilingual adult or child is speaking with, or listening to, a monolingual family member or friend, or when a bilingual aphasic is speaking to a monolingual examiner, etc.