Download Swift Pocket Reference by Anthony Gray PDF
By Anthony Gray
Get quickly solutions for constructing and debugging purposes with fast, Apple's multi-paradigm programming language. This pocket reference is the right on-the-job instrument for studying Swift's smooth language good points, together with sort security, generics, sort inference, closures, tuples, computerized reminiscence administration, and aid for Unicode.
Designed to paintings with Cocoa and Cocoa contact, rapid can be utilized in tandem with Objective-C, and both of those languages can name APIs carried out within the different. quick remains to be evolving, yet it's transparent that Apple sees it because the destiny language of selection for iOS and OS X software program development.
Topics include:
* Swift's Run-Eval-Print-Loop (REPL) and interactive playgrounds
* Supported information varieties, resembling strings, arrays, and dictionaries
* Variables and constants
* software stream: loops and conditional execution
* sessions, constructions, enumerations, services, and protocols
* Closures: just like blocks in Objective-C and lambdas in C#
* Optionals: values which could explicitly haven't any value
* Operators, operator overloading, and customized operators
* entry keep watch over: proscribing entry to forms, equipment, and properties
* integrated worldwide services and their parameter specifications
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Additional info for Swift Pocket Reference
Example text
The while loop provides a very rough idea of how printf() works when displaying a string on the screen. Within the loop clause, termination instructions are given. The while loop will cycle as long as x [ i ] is not equal to zero. Note that x [ 8 ] is assigned a NULL value that equates to decimal zero. Putchar is used to display a single character on the screen during each pass. On each of these passes, variable i is incremented by one. When i is finally incremented to a value of 8, x [ i ] or x [ 8 ] is equal to zero (NULL) and the while loop is exited.
That is, a char variable is allocated 1 byte, and a char array with a subscript of 40 allocates 40 single and consecutive bytes of data for its exclusive storage. Therefore, a standard C function such as mallocQ will often return an address to a char pointer in order for that pointer to be used for single-byte access. The subject of memory allocation functions and pointers will be fully discussed in a later chapter. Returning to earlier statements regarding the treatment of char pointers in the same m a n n e r as char arrays, observe the following p r o g r a m example: ma i n ( ) { char a[5]; int x ; strcpy(a, for (x = "DATA"); 0; x <= 4; printf("XcXn", } This program will display: D A T A ++x) a[x]); 58 Chapter 5 It does this by accessing each character in the array and treating it as a single entity.
If you try this program on your machine, the actual address may vary in value from what is shown here. Regardless, the address is that of the start of the array. The next line displays CGMP I LER. This occurs because the % 5 conversion specification handed to printfO causes the function to look for a memory address and then to display the contents at this address, consecutively and continuously until the NULL character is read. Now, CGMP I LER is displayed again. Why? Earlier, it was stated that x is a pointer that returns the address of the first element in the array.