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By Arthur Wingfield and Dennis L. Byrnes (Auth.)
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Extra info for The Psychology of Human Memory
Example text
If the first three paired-associates of the Α - B list were, as above, DAX-quickly, ZIL-happy, YOV-trouble, the second list of pairs might begin with DAX-soldier, ZIL-traffic, YOV-heavy. By convention, the second list is referred to as the A - C list, denoting the same stimulus terms as the first list, but with new response terms. A typical RI experiment requires two groups of subjects as illustrated in Table 2-1 (top). The Experimental (RI) group learns the Α - B list, and then the Α - C list.
The RI experiments were often repeated several times on each subject to ensure reliability of the data. Often the subjects were given prior practice with CVCs to familiarize them with the task. Finally, it was common to have the subjects serve in several conditions of a single experiment so that each subject's data could be compared with his or her own level of learning ability. While ordinarily desirable precautions, these procedures might have accidentally allowed PI effects from the previous CVC learning to contaminate the supposedly pure RI findings.
While discriminating the stimuli from each other may be difficult, note that the response terms are simple one-digit numbers which increase numerically with the size of the circles. These last two factors should produce rapid response learning (Stage 2) and rapid establishment of the associations (Stage 3) once the circle sizes have been discriminated. The middle panel illustrates Stage 2 (response learning) difficulty by using more complex sets of three-digit numbers as response terms. Once the numbers have been learned, however, the other two stages are relatively easy.