Download Concrete Technology for Cast In-situ Foundations (CIRIA by Neil A. Henderson PDF
By Neil A. Henderson
Concrete expertise for forged in-situ foundations specializes in the concrete know-how matters in relation to universal buried starting place forms together with piles, diaphragm partitions and pad, strip and raft foundations. This file offers counsel at the research and building parameters to be thought of within the choice of in-situ concrete for starting place functions. The document additionally discusses environmental matters and sustainable development practices. It presents the fashion designer, the contractor, and the concrete manufacturer with present assistance at the software of in-situ concrete know-how for starting place purposes. It presents suggestions at the research of sturdiness and construction-related parameters to be thought of within the choice of in-situ concrete for origin functions. The record relies on an in depth evaluate of released literature, session with specialists and practitioners in the box, and case stories demonstrating stable perform and highlighting severe concerns.
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Extra resources for Concrete Technology for Cast In-situ Foundations (CIRIA Report)
Example text
This section discusses the fresh and hardened properties suitable for in-situ concrete for foundation applications. It also provides information and guidance on the selection of concrete materials, concrete specification, placing methods and construction techniques for foundation applications. 2 FRESH PROPERTIES After mixing, operations such as transporting, placing, compacting and finishing of fresh concrete can all considerably affect the properties of hardened concrete. Most concrete designs for in-situ foundations aim to produce fresh concrete with the following characteristics: • flowable • cohesive • stable • compacting under its own weight (particularly for deep foundations) • minimal tendency for segregation and bleeding • able to be placed so that a continuous monolithic concrete is formed.
5 Summary of applications and potential effects of using pfa and ggbs in concrete Key Properties Addition type Ultimate Effect Water demand/ Reduced water pfa Practical Application and Benefit Possible disadvantages demand Workability ggbs Small reduction in water demand. Denser concrete Reduction in cohesion at Better compaction very high levels of ggbs Lower permeability addition increased mobility Strength pfa Reduced early Similar (or possibly Potential reduction in ggbs strengths at low slightly increased) tensile strain concrete temperatures ultimate strengths at later capacity ages in large sections Licensed copy:University of Manchester, 05/11/2007, Uncontrolled Copy, © CIRIA Setting times pfa Small increase in Minimise the risk of cold In thin sections: increase setting time joints in large pours* in form work striking Increase in setting Useful where secondary time dependent upon cutting is required, eg susceptible to damage ggbs content secant piling through shock Reduced temperature Lower risk of thermal time ggbs Heat of pfa hydration rise ggbs Prolonged period cracking Reduced temperature Suited to large-section rise, especially at concreting 70%+ ggbs Permeability pfa Reduced pore size Decreased permeability to ggbs distribution, porosity water, oxygen, chlorides and aggressive agents Chemical pfa Resistant to chemical Used in structures Low calcium hydroxide resistance ggbs attack, including exposed to harsh sulfate attack, ASR.
6 Portland-limestone cement (PLC) Licensed copy:University of Manchester, 05/11/2007, Uncontrolled Copy, © CIRIA Most PCs contain up to five per cent limestone as a minor additional constituent. In addition, Portland limestone cement (PLC) conforming to BS 7583 (1996) is also available. BS EN 197-1 allows the use of limestone up to 35 per cent if combined with PC only. However, care should be taken when using PLCs in concrete for foundation applications. The use of PLC concrete is only permitted in Design Chemical Class 1 conditions (BRE Special Digest 1.