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By Eva Herschinger
Developing international Enemies asks how and why particular interpretations of overseas terrorism and drug abuse became hegemonic on the international point. The ebook analyses the overseas discourses on terrorism and drug prohibition and compares efforts to counter either, not just from a modern but in addition from a historic point of view.
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Extra info for Constructing Global Enemies: Hegemony and Identity in International Discourses on Terrorism and Drug Prohibition
Sample text
E. one identifies with a signifier in a discursive field, for instance, with the notion of ‘ecology’ in order to acquire an identity as ‘ecologist’, to become an ‘ecologist’. Becoming something is more than just calling oneself an ‘ecologist’ – identifying with a signifier in a discourse turns one into a subject in this very discourse. ‘[I]dentification is the moment of the radical subject, which discloses the subject as an agent in its world’ (Glynos and Howarth 2007: 129). Yet, things are not that easy.
This paints, as David Campbell once admitted, ‘a particularly negative picture of processes implicated in a state’s identity’, but he justified this position by outlining that ‘the potential for the transformation of difference into otherness always exists’ (Campbell 1998b: 70). 12 Still, I fully agree with Hansen that not only Connolly but also Campbell leave open the possibility of an identity not necessarily constructed against an antagonistic Other. Since the former has always conceded that ‘the definition of difference is a requirement built into the logic of identity’, he considered the construction of otherness only as ‘a temptation that readily insinuates itself into that logic’ (Connolly 1991: 64–5, emphasis added) and not as a necessity.
It is precisely these problematic implications that have led IR poststructuralists to focus on the constitution of antagonistic Others in security discourses in the first place. Although representing the Other as threatening is an essential component of security policies, it is only half of the story, since the antagonist Other is ‘often situated within a more complicated set of identities’ (Hansen 2006: 37). Indeed, this insight has evolved only recently in IR poststructuralism. 11 Perhaps the paradox was too frequently read through the lenses of the classical discourse of national security with its radical difference between the national community ‘in here’, and international anarchy ‘out there’ having left its imprints on the conceptualization of identity.