Download Gema: Birthplace of German Radar and Sonar by Harry von Kroge PDF
By Harry von Kroge
In Germany, the improvement of the 1st applied sciences of sonar and radar have been interrelated. Following Christian Hülsmeyer's forgotten invention of the Telemobiloskop in 1904, Berlin engineers, Paul Günther Erbslöh and Hans-Karl von Willisen, built and outfitted units to find pursuits thoroughly by means of reflections with underwater sound and radio waves. In 1934, they discovered their very own corporation for this paintings, referred to as Gesellschaft für Elektroakustische und Mechanische Apparate (GEMA), which turned the birthplace in their recognized Freya air-warning and Seetakt ocean-surveillance radars.
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Extra info for Gema: Birthplace of German Radar and Sonar
Sample text
In February 1934, for the first time von Willisen participated in reflection experiments in Kiel harbour with GEMA equipment. Both transmitter and receiver depended on Barkhausen tubes and, in these experiments, worked on 75 cm. Transmission was made with a three-element Yagi, reception with a simple dipole. These experiments failed to gain clear evidence of reflection from ships. They did observe signals from directions at which the transmitter had not been pointed, but the wide radiation pattern of the dipole did not allow them to say that these came from ships.
They were naturally concerned about the security of their ideas, the natural consequence of their novelty, so subcontractors were not allowed to have knowledge of what GEMA was doing. The single exception were the owners of the Neumann Company during the time they were shareholders of GEMA. Tonographie would henceforth have to remain independent, but the firm’s management was sufficiently competent to allow them the freedom required to follow their new interests. 20 CHAPTER 5 THE FIRST UNDERWATER SOUND AND RADAR EQUIPMENT By the end of 1933 K¨uhnhold had put together the essential characteristics of an acoustic aiming device for the torpedo arm of the Navy.
The Tannenbaum antenna was constructed following a suggestion by Dr Schultes. In front of a screen reflector were placed four vertically stacked dipoles, whose advantage lay in the ease with which they could be matched to the receiver input. Although the transmitter and receiver were well shielded from one another, the transmitter, whose anode voltage was modulated with 1000 Hz, still leaked into the receiver. This time with the transmitter and receiver standing side by side, reflections from a sheet metal plate that had been erected on a small boat were detected with the rotatable receiver antenna at a distance of 300 m, but the Pintsch arrangement with a thousand times less power observed reflections from 600 m.