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Extra resources for Handbook of transport modelling
Sample text
3: The Four-step Model Table 6 Minimum travel time paths (skim trees) 5. Trip distribution The objective of the second stage of the process is to recombine trip ends from trip generation into trips, although typically defined as production-attraction pairs and not origin-destination pairs. The trip-distribution model is essentially a destination choice model and generates a trip matrix (or trip table) T, for each trip purpose utilized in the trip-generation model as a function of activity-system attributes (indirectly through the generated productions P, and attractionsA,) and network attributes (typically, interzonal travel times).
M. m. m. 25 persons1 vehicle models, often estimated on separate choice-based samples, and reflecting the choice probabilities of individual trip-makers. S. applications, transit is less of a factor, many recent mode-choice models reflect current policies such as car-pooling choices resulting from high occupancy vehicle facilities and the presence of tolls on automobiles. The most common model estimated is the nested logit model (see Chapters 5 and 13). These mode-choice models can reflect a range of performance variables and trip-maker characteristics, but produce disaggregate results, which must then be aggregated to the zonal level prior to route choice (Ortlizar and Willurnsen, 1994).
Interaction with areas outside the cordon is defined via external stations which effectively serve as doorways for trips into, out of, and through the study area. The activity system A for these external stations is defined directly in terms of trips that pass through them, and the models that represent this interaction are separate from and less complex than those that represent interactions within the study area (typically, growth factor models are used to forecast future external traffic). The internal activity system A is typically represented by socio-economic, demographic, and land-use data defined for TAZs or other convenient spatial units.