Download Man, Soul and Body: Essays in Ancient Thought from Plato to by John M. Rist PDF
By John M. Rist
Comprising 17 articles, this assortment makes a speciality of the makes an attempt of (mostly) pagan thinkers in Greco-Roman antiquity to appreciate the character of morality opposed to a historical past of wide-ranging debate in regards to the courting among soul and physique, and the need for an accurate psychology and body structure if the "good existence for man" is to be printed. 3 papers examine Plato, whose complex mixture of ethics, psychology and metaphysics units the degree for many of the controversy; one examine is on Aristotle; 5 study the stoics and 5 take care of Plotinus. there's one additional article at the common challenge of the connection among ethics, cosmology and biology and the quantity concludes with the hindrance between either pagans and Christians in past due antiquity over no matter if guy is of course more than enough to right his personal ethical weak spot.
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Extra info for Man, Soul and Body: Essays in Ancient Thought from Plato to Dionysius
Example text
41 8A. 30 Cf. I. Diiring, Aristotle in the Ancient Biographical Tradition (Gb'teborg, 1957), pp. 25 Poi. 131884-5. 341-342. E. 11 788; in 1 145A there is a "virtue" for gods, b u t of a much more exalted kind. 26 Cf. Met. 1075A18-22. Aristotle: The Value of Man with abusing one's slaves;32 but his reasons for this are not clear. Are they utilitarian, or has a faint note of benevolence clouded the "ralional" approach which Aristotle normally adopts? I s this benevolence something implied by the friendship o f the master with his slavequa man, but not qua slave?
The part (reason) i s greater than the whole (man); that is the assumption behind the superiority of the Aristotelian life of contemplation. The function of the word "ought" is to tell us what reason prescribes, and the prescriptions of reason take no account of our "localized" individual concerns and demands. The practical reason judges, as Aristotle says, in individual cases16' but in the interest of what i s natural not for the individual but for the species. And from our own point of view a further difficulty arises here, for although Aristotle realizes that the circumstances in which men live may change and therefore that the judgments of the practical reason may vary in individual cases, what i s natural for the species i s thought to be unchanging because the species itself is unchanging.
A. Preus, 'Science and Philosophy in Aristotle's Genemion of Animals', JHBiol. 3 (1970) 27. 15. 764A10), who held that women emitted semen (cf. 764192). The Epicureans took the same view (Lucr. 1257, cf. 1229, 1247). ). According to the Democritean theory of 'pangenesis' (Semen comes from every part of the body), it was the bodies of both parents (male and female) which provided it (See G. E. R. Lloyd, Science, Folklore and Ideology (Cambridge 1983) 88). e. male) seed and sometimes the female, since both males and females emit both male and female seed (cf.