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By Emil L. Fackenheim
Publication by way of Fackenheim, Emil L.
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Extra resources for Metaphysics & Historicity (Aquinas Lecture 26)
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25 25. Both Collingwood and Heidegger recognize that the historical past is truly historical only because it can be appropriated and re-enacted in the present. But whereas Collingwood, concentrating attention on the epistemology of historiography, seems to regard such a re-enactment as mostly, if not entirely, an affair of the present historian, Heidegger considers all such re-enactment of the past to be mediated by the anticipating of the future which is cast back on the past. , Einfuehrung in die Metaphysik, (Tuebingen: Max Niemeyer, 1953), p.
Both thinkers affirm a human nature which, however affected (footnote continued on next page) Page 21 But there is no need here to raise such baffling questions. It suffices to stress that if the doctrine of historicity is to be maintained, a qualitative distinction between nature and history must somehow and somewhere be drawn. For if it is not drawn, history reduces itself to a mere species of natural process, different from other kinds only in that it happens in or to man. To draw this distinction adequately, the terms "natural event" and "human action" may not suffice.
Not all imagined acting for reasons is in fact irrational behavior productive of rationalizations. In short, there is free action, not merely the appearance of free action. 12 No doubt it gives rise to baffling questions. Can individuals alone act, or groups as well as individuals? Is all acting rational, 12. It is an assumption because it can, with some plausibility, be denied. Positivists will seek to explain the sequence "x entertains an objective," "x decides upon an action calculated to realized this objective," and "x performs the action,'' in terms of laws which cover this sequence, rather than in terms of x's own categories which involve no reference to such laws.