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By Leonard B Meyer

Meyer makes a invaluable assertion on aesthetics, standards for assessing nice works of tune, compositional practices and theories of the current day, and predictions of the way forward for Western tradition. His postlude, written for the book's twenty-fifth anniversary, seems again at his concepts at the course of tune in 1967.

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From the Preface :

This ebook illustrates a suite of song manuscripts which was once made in recent times to learn the basis for modern functionality Arts. the gathering was resolute by way of situations instead of any means of choice. therefore it indicates the numerous instructions within which track notation is now going. The manuscripts aren't prepared in accordance with types of tune, yet alphabetically based on the composer's identify. No explanatory details is given.

The textual content for the booklet is the results of a technique utilizing I-Ching likelihood operations. those decided what number phrases relating to his paintings have been to be written by means of or approximately which of 2 hundred and sixty-nine composers. the place those passages (never greater than sixty-four phrases, occasionally just one) were specifically written for this e-book, they're preceded by way of a paragraph signal and by means of the author's identify. different feedback have been selected or written by way of the editors - John Cage and Alison Knowles. not just the variety of phrases and the writer, however the typography too - letter measurement, depth, and typeface - have been all decided by accident operations. This approach was once on the way to decrease the adaptation among textual content and illustrations. The composition of the pages is the paintings of Alison Knowles.

A precedent for the textual content is the Questionnaire. (The composers have been requested to put in writing approximately notation or some· factor appropriate to it. ) A precedent for the absence of knowledge which characterizes this booklet is the modern aquarium (no longer a depressing hallway with every one species in its personal illuminated tank separated from the others and named in Latin): a wide glass apartment with the entire fish in it swimming as in an ocean. the gathering of manuscripts constitutes an archive, the contents of that are indexed on the finish of this e-book. The editors are thankful to the numerous composers and tune publishers who've made this presentation of mid-twentieth century song notation attainable.

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Extra resources for Music, the Arts, and Ideas: Patterns and Predictions in Twentieth-Century Culture

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The answer lies in the syntactical organization of his music, not in its superior sensuousness. What then are the determinants of value from the syntactical viewpoint? We noted earlier that complexity, size, and length are not in themselves virtues. For as we all know from sad experience, a large complex work can be pretentious and bombastic, dull and turgid, or a combination of these. Yet insofar as the intricate and subtle interconnections between musical events, whether simultaneous or successive, of a complex work involve considerable resistance and uncertainty-and presumably information-value is thereby created.

In the case of information the greater part of attention is concentrated upon the consequent. To put the matter briefly, in meaning, the musical process is considered and evaluated from the viewpoint of antecedents; in information the same processes are examined and assessed from the viewpoint of consequents. This study has intentionally avoided the perplexing problems of value and value theory. Without entering into the many heated discussions raging in these areas, it seems permissible in closing to suggest that the viewpoint adopted here might prove fruitful in the analysis of value.

16-17. " First off, we can talk about the sequence of sounds in terms of probability, uncertainty, and information. The uncertainty of what will follow the sound "sh" is very high indeed, though clearly some sounds will be less probable than others, given the stylistic context we call English. Thus the sound or "word" shvin is highly improbable in an English sentence. But it is not impossible-witness the fact that it has just occurred in one. 9 The uncertainties are reduced and the probabili. ties increased when the sound "i" (e) arrives.

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