Download Notes on the Underground: An Essay on Technology, Society, by Rosalind Williams PDF

By Rosalind Williams

The underground has regularly performed a popular position in human imaginings, either as a spot of shelter and as a resource of worry. The overdue 19th century observed a brand new fascination with the underground as Western societies attempted to deal with the pervasive adjustments of a brand new social and technological order. In Notes at the Underground, Rosalind Williams takes us within that severe old second, giving equivalent assurance to real and imaginary undergrounds. She seems to be on the real-life invasions of the underground that happened as sleek city infrastructures of sewers and subways have been laid, and on the simultaneous archaeological excavations that have been unearthing either human historical past and the planet’s deep prior. She additionally examines the subterranean tales of Verne, Wells, Forster, Hugo, Bulwer-Lytton, and different writers who proposed substitute visions of the arriving technological civilization.

Williams argues that those imagined and genuine underground environments supply versions of human lifestyles in an international ruled by way of human presence and supply a prophetic examine today’s technology-dominated society. In a brand new afterword written for this version, Williams issues out that her booklet lines the emergence within the 19th century of what we might now name an environmental consciousness—an knowledge that there'll be effects whilst people stay in a sealed, finite atmosphere. at the present time we're extra acutely aware than ever of our constrained biosphere and the way weak it really is. Notes at the Underground, now much more than whilst it first seemed, bargains a advisor to the human, cultural, and technical effects of what Williams calls “the human empire on earth.”

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During the winter of 1863-64 Verne had a series of conversations with Charles Sainte-Claire Deville, a geographer who had explored European volcanoes and who theorized that they might be connected by passages under the earth. Verne became so excited by Deville's ideas that he dropped his work on Captaine Hattevar and quickly wrote Jouvney to the Center of the Eavth. " Furthermore, since geologists of his day agreed that the earth's interior must be hot (citing as proof the eruption of volcanoes and the thermal gradient in mine shafts),42Verne took care to explain how his explorers could descend so far without burning up.

Other cave art had been found in Spain in 1879, but then few had considered it authentic. ~~ proclaimed on the first page of Pvehistovic Times that "of late years a new branch of knowledge has arisen, a new science has . . been born among us, which deals with times and events far more ancient than any which have yet fallen within the province of the archaeologist. . Archaeology forms the link between geology and history. "4y The Neanderthal skull played a pivotal role in the development of archaeological science.

In her opinion, the sacred image of Mother Earth was so Chapter 2 powerful that it discouraged (although it never prevented) mining. To be sure, there were many practical reasons for society to discourage mining, since mining activities had long been observed to entail unfortunate social and environmental effects. But Merchant argues that the dominant metaphor itself carried ethical restraints. For mining to be carried out on a large scale, these restraintsand the metaphor of Mother Earth on which they were based-had to weaken.

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