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By Deepa Narayan-Parker
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Extra info for Participatory evaluation: tools for managing change in water and sanitation, Volumes 23-207
Example text
Validity and reliability are achieved through the use of multiple methods and by including different users and stakeholders in consensus building. Because those affected by a project are included in the decisionmaking, with consensus governing the process, large sample surveys are unnecessary. Since community members have many demands on their time, shortcut simple methods of sampling, data collection, and analysis are preferred. With emphasis placed on the use to which findings are put, results are disseminated in a variety of ways adapted to user preferencesslides, videos, pictures, stories, role plays, discussion groups, workshops, and written reports of different lengths and different formats.
Participatory planning is now widely recognized as more likely to lead to designs and strategies that work in the particular setting for which they were intended. However participatory data collection for monitoring and evaluation is not yet an integral part of the development process. When it comes to evaluating projects, there is still a great reluctance to move from classical ''objective" methodologies that maintain a distance from the people and activities being evaluated. There is surely a place for the classical approach.
In the early phases of a project in one community, people were most concerned about the total number of water sources to be improved with government assistance; two years later, their primary concern was maintenance fees collected; still later, it was the number of latrines being built. 4. Gender differences can influence the chosen indicators of success. In one village, while the men focused on the fact that women were growing more vegetables, women focused on the relative proximity of water. Women are more likely to be concerned with the health of children and environmental hygiene than men, whereas men often give primary importance to the availability of water for cattle.