Download Pollen Terminology: An illustrated handbook by Michael Hesse, Heidemarie Halbritter, Martina Weber, Ralf PDF
By Michael Hesse, Heidemarie Halbritter, Martina Weber, Ralf Buchner, Andrea Frosch-Radivo, Silvia Ulrich
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After the staining steps with PA and SP, sections are intensively washed in distilled water; after staining with TCH, washes are in 3 % acetic acid followed by distilled water. Acetocarmine Staining for Light Microscopy For the detection of the generative nucleus and the sperm nuclei, fresh pollen grains are put into a drop of acetocarmine, warmed for a few seconds and observed with the LM (GERLACH 1969). METHODS Staining methods U+Pb TCH+SP PA+TCH+SP GENERAL CHAPTERɕ53 HOW TO DESCRIBE A POLLEN GRAIN How to Describe a Pollen Grain The minimal features for describing a pollen grain are: size, shape, aperture condition, ornamentation, and the method, how the pollen grain was prepared for LM and EM, respectively.
The micrographs show examples for either a continuous (calymmate) or a discontinuous exine enclosure (acalymmate). Areolae/Areolate detail of pollen wall small, mostly convex exine areas separated by small grooves. Later on, the term was used describing pollen with large, variably ornamented exine areas separated by grooves; this type of ornamentation is better called clypeate, a pollen wall, in which the exine is subdivided into shields. Clypeate, however, also denotes a pollen class; for examples see "Illustrated Glossary".
Cytokinesis following meiotic nuclear divisions is accompanied by the formation of cleavage planes determined by the conÀJXUDWLRQ DQG RULHQWDWLRQ RI WKH PHLRWLF spindle axes. In the case of successive cytokinesisSODQHVDUHIRUPHGDIWHUWKHÀUVW and second meiotic divisions leading to the formation of various tetrad types (see "Pollen Morphology"). During simultaneous cytokinesis the cleavage planes are formed concurrently after the second meiotic division; in this case microspores are arranged in a tetrahedral tetrad.