Download Principles of Food Processing by Richard W Hartel, Dennis R. Heldman PDF

By Richard W Hartel, Dennis R. Heldman

The method of instructing the strategies of nutrients processing to the undergrad­ uate foodstuff technology significant has advanced over the last forty years. In such a lot less than­ graduate nutrients technology curricula, foodstuff processing has been taught on a commodity foundation. in lots of courses, a number of classes handled processing with emphasis on a special commodity, resembling vegatables and fruits, dairy items, meat items, and eggs. In so much occasions, the emphasis was once at the specified features of the commodity and intensely little empha­ sis at the universal components linked to processing of different commodities. more often than not the undergraduate pupil used to be allowed to pick one or classes from these provided to be able to fulfill the minimal criteria prompt by means of the Institute of foodstuff Technologists. the present 1FT minimal criteria recommend that the undergradu­ ate foodstuff technology significant be required to accomplish no less than one meals processing path. the outline of this path is as follows: One direction with lecture and laboratory which covers normal features of uncooked nutrition fabrics, rules offood preserva­ tion, processing components that impact caliber, packaging, water and waste administration, and sanitation. must haves: basic chemistry, physics, and basic microbiology.

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135 140 145 oc would be expected, the thermal death time or thermal process requirement is much longer at low temperatures, but the time required to achieve the same magnitude of microbial population reduction is much less at higher temperatures. The temperature increase required to achieve a one-log cycle reduction in thermal death time is the Z-value. The first factor to recognize in Figure 2. 7 is that quality retention can be improved by increasing temperature and reducing time while maintaining the same level of microbial population reduction.

At the intersection with 11 TC and approximately 30 min, the quality loss is 50%. At the intersection with temperature at 14o·c and approximately 6 sec, the quality loss is 1%, but the reduction in microbial population is the same as at the lower temperature and much longer time. Any time/temperature relationship to the left and below the thermal resistance curve (F) for microbial population describes processes that are inadequate to achieve the desired shelf-life and/or product safety. Any time/temperature relationship to the right or above the thermal resistance 28 PRINCIPLES OF FoOD PROCESSING curve for microbial population would be considered over- processing.

The third stage of the blanching system is immersion, with the conveyor carrying the product below water level and ensuring direct heat transfer between the heated water and the individual product particles. Two less frequently used blanching systems are the pipe blancher and the fluidized bed blanching systems. The pipe blancher is a system using hot water; product particles are introduced into a stream of water within a pipe, while the heating medium flows from entrance to exit. Blanching temperatures are established by the temperature of the hot water.

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