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By A. I. Dawisha
This booklet speak about the clash among Syria and Lebanon within the twentieth century.
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Extra resources for Syria and the Lebanese Crisis
Example text
33 The improvement in Syria's economic performance in the years 1970-5 was reflected in the dramatic and substantial increase in Syria's exports which in 1975 reached the impressive figure of $930 million, and a commodity breakdown of exports shows oil revenue accounting for 69 per cent of export earnings in that year. However, the same period also witnessed steep rises in imports, totalling in 1975 $1,685 million which left Syria's external trade at a deficit of $755 million. Nevertheless, in 1975 Saudi Arabia and other Gulf states extended to Syria aid amounting to $690 million, 34 which made good the Syrian balance of payments deficit.
In January 1958 the Syrian Chief of Staff led a delegation of fourteen high-ranking army officers to Cairo to try to persuade Nasser to accept some form of unity with Syria, and a week later Syria's Baathist Foreign Minister joined the officers for the talks with Nasser. 9 The Syrian initiative and pressure finally paid dividends when the United Arab Republic (UAR), incorporating Egypt and Syria under Nasser's Presidency, was announced on 1 February 1958. The establishment of the first United Arab Republic in modern history acted as a catalyst for the further polarisation of Lebanon's confessional and sectarian society.
He expanded the Parliament from seventy-seven to ninety-nine members, yet maintained the National Pact ratio of six to five in favour of the Christians. He thus placated the Christians by keeping the parliamentary balance in their favour, while simultaneously satisfying the Moslems' demands for wider political participation by increasing their absolute numbers in Parliament. Moreover, by decreasing his contacts with the traditional politicians and relying instead on a cadre of competent and efficient civil servants, Shihab minimised the perceived importance of the traditional politicians, thus making their sectarian conflicts seem like petty squabbles.