Download Technology Policy in the European Union by John Peterson, Margaret Sharp (auth.) PDF
By John Peterson, Margaret Sharp (auth.)
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Additional resources for Technology Policy in the European Union
Example text
Although not commercially viable, Symphonie did have the effect of facilitating the development of a more coherent European space policy. The European Space Conference in 1973 merged ELDO and ESRO into one and agreed a new programme (Krige et al. 1997: 203-4). The European Space Agency (ESA) thus became the primary framework for civilian space collaboration in Western Europe. Its membership was wide, extending to most countries in Western Europe including the UK, with Canada participating as a 'cooperating member'.
The 1995 Green Paper on Innovation The EU's competitive position was well summarised m the Commission's (1995a: 7) Green Paper on Innovation: European industry has recendy improved its competitiveness, particularly vis-a-vis its major competitors, the United States and Japan ... a. a. a. a. 9 These figures only include researchers who have at least a first level university degree. It does not include technicians. 1993 Figures. a. not available. Source: OECD. a lower degree of specialisation in both high tech sectors and sectors with high growth rates; a lower presence in geographical markets which show strong development; productivity which is still inadequate; a research and development dfort which remains disparate and fragmented; insufficient capacity to innovate, to launch new products and services, to market them rapidly on world markets and,finally, to react rapidly to changes in demand.
RID and competitiveness There are many ways of measuring the impact of European collaborative programmes, but the SEA and Maastricht Treaty offered a clear yardstick: the Union's RTD policy was intended 'to strengthen the scientific and technological basis of Community industry and to encourage it to become more competitive at the international level'. If increased competitiveness has remained the primary goal of European technology policy, the EU's policy agenda has changed over time. In 1983, when ESPRIT was first set in train, the burning issue for policy-makers was how to close the 'technology gap'.