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By Monica Toft, Talbot Imlay
How will we plan less than stipulations of uncertainty? the viewpoint of army planners is a key organizing framework: do they see themselves as getting ready to manage a peace, or getting ready to struggle a destiny struggle? such a lot interwar volumes study purely the Nineteen Twenties and the Nineteen Thirties. This new quantity is going again, and ahead in time, to attract on a better expanse of background as a way to tease out classes for modern planners.These chapters are grouped into 4 classes: 1815-1856, 1871-1914, 1918-1938, and post-Second global conflict. They growth from low-tech to high-tech issues, for instance, the 1st interval examines armies, whereas the second one interval examines navies, the 3rd asseses navies mixed with air forces, and at last for the Kaiser bankruptcy explores nuclear concerns and decision-making.
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Additional info for The Fog of Peace and War Planning: Military and Strategic Planning under Uncertainty (Strategy and History Series)
Example text
Most of the generals in fact opposed the operation but there was no mechanism in place through which they could voice their reservations. The terrible suffering caused by the war and the public outcry to which it gave rise finally served as the catalyst for some serious rethinking of the nature of the military and some serious expenditures on its reform. 3 million in 1854. 17 Even with these expenditures, however, Britain was constrained by the behavior of its allies and, lacking the political or military will to fight to the finish, agreed to a compromise.
Reforms of the combat units of the army itself, especially at the highest level, were conducted only halfheartedly and incompletely. By the end of Nicholas’ reign, inefficiency and corruption were once again important factors degrading the effectiveness of Russia’s military. From the standpoint of war planning, the most serious problem with the reorganized military administration was the relative insignificance of the 32 F R E D E R I C K W. K AG A N elements of a general staff, although a considerable amount of positive work essential for successful war planning was done.
For a few weeks in the spring of 1821 it looked as though Russian armies would once again approach France. 6 This new focus on the west did not end with Alexander’s death. When revolution broke out in Belgium in 1830 and the King of the Netherlands asked Nicholas for military assistance, he prepared his country to respond. Once again a Russian army, this time the Army of Poland under his elder brother, Grand Duke Constantine, would travel to the borders of France. In addition to that army, two infantry corps and two cavalry corps were also mobilized and sped toward the Russian frontier.