Download The Landscape of Britain: From the Beginnings to 1914 by Dr Michae *Nfa* PDF

By Dr Michae *Nfa*

Britain's panorama, the product either one of traditional geological techniques and a few 10,000 years of human habitation, has a uniquely wealthy ancient range. within the panorama of england, Michael Reed explains the forces at paintings within the evolution of the panorama, declaring examples of surviving facts from the prior.

The panorama of past due twentieth-century Britain is the top made of human attempt directed not just in the direction of gratifying uncomplicated actual wishes for meals and safeguard, but additionally in the direction of expressing profound religious and highbrow aspirations, even if by way of burial mounds or church buildings, faculties or monasteries. This quantity examines the never-ending procedures of accretion that have created the city and rural landscapes as modern day population have inherited them, displaying how every one iteration makes its personal person contribution with no having the ability completely to erase these of its predecessors, besides the fact that distant or far-off in time.

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This means that the only cereal crop that will grow and ripen is oats, that soils are often poor and acidic because the rainfall leaches out the nutrients, so that large areas of 20 Foundations upland Britain are given over to coarse pasture, and that the winters are so harsh that livestock cannot survive outside, and so has to be brought into byres and pens. The east of England is both drier and warmer than the west and north. In East Anglia rainfall can be as little as 20 inches in a year, and in the Breckland it was so dry in the seventeenth century that the vegetation could not cover the ground and there were extensive sand blows.

The site at Clacton has yielded a wooden spear, and one at Stoke Newington sharpened birch poles. Clearly the stone tools of these men were quite capable of felling trees and shaping wood. A human cranium recovered from late Hoxnian levels at Swanscombe seems to show that these men were almost certainly Homo cf. sapiens, but their relationship to modern man, Homo sapiens sapiens, remains at present unclear. These men are so shadowy, and they lived so long ago, that nothing of their handiwork has survived the effects of later glacial and other geomorphological processes, but their presence in the landscape, beyond the veil of the Devensian glaciation, deserves more than just a fleeting glance, not least because they almost certainly occupied the southeastern corner of Britain for a longer period of time than has elapsed since the end of the Devensian glaciation.

This is climate. We have hitherto been able largely to ignore any climatic factors that there might have been at work upon the geomorphological processes outlined in the preceding paragraphs, save to point out that the lush vegetation from which the coal measures were formed is likely to have flourished in a tropical climate. It is now clear however that climatic fluctuations can exert considerable influences over the shaping of landforms, and when mean temperatures fall sufficiently far as to create permanent ice sheets then its influence as exercised by means of the ice becomes overwhelming.

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