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Additional resources for The Sikh revolution: A perspective view (Series in Sikh history and culture)
Example text
But it need to be stressed that the idea of pollution was given a distinct religious significance. It spread a wide net-work which directly downgraded existing castes, created new ones, and consolidated social differentiation in the caste society by raising religiously (or magically) tinged insurmountable barriers between different castes. f) The theory of Avtars and the ‘karma’ theory : The Avtara theory, or the theory of incarnations or the descent of God, was of momentous importance in enabling Neo-Brahmanism to absorb other systems.
With the loss of caste, he loses not only his relations and friends, but sometimes even his wife and children, who prefer to abandon him entirely rather than share his illfortune. No one dare eat with him nor even offer him a drop of water. ’97 4. Gordianknot The pre-eminence given to caste status catered to the common human failing of status consciousness. The spiritual sanction behind the caste ideology made it sink deep into the convictions of the population. The rigidity of the caste rules and their wide range tightened their grip over the individual and the community.
All thought the centuries, no one from within the orthodox society has ever dared to question this remoulding handiwork of the Brahmins. They saw to it that all criticism was throttled on pain of the critic being declared a heretic with its attendant consequences. It was, in fact, the arbitrary claim to the derivation of authority from the Vedas and the reconstruction of tradition which gave a semblance of continuity to the orthodox religion. It was through such means that the new gods of Neo-Brahmanism were related to the Vedic gods, new practices were tagged on to the old ones and the post-Vedic literature given full Vedic authority.