Download The World Trade Organization: A Very Short Introduction by Amrita Narlikar PDF
By Amrita Narlikar
The area alternate association (WTO) is scarcely ten years previous, however it has already generated a mountain of discussion, controversy, and outrage. Rulings on pork hormones and tuna-dolphin instances supply specific examples of ways the association regulates into parts of person buyer selection, moral personal tastes, and cultural conduct. The deep and far-ranging effect of the WTO on peoples' daily lives implies that it isn't simply an establishment of curiosity to economists, yet to everybody, a indisputable fact that used to be probably so much graphically illustrated by means of the demonstrations that experience turn into a customary function linked to high-level conferences of the WTO. This booklet offers a delicately thought of rationalization of what the WTO is, what it does, and the way it is going approximately executing its initiatives, and provides a transparent realizing of the mandate, constitution, and functioning of the WTO that's necessary to appreciating the debate at the back of the organization.
Reviews:
"Narlikar's engagement with public debates is exemplary - a role too hardly ever tried by way of serious students during this sector. This booklet is a well timed rejoinder to the fledgling examine of world governance. a good creation to the WTO, it additionally succeeds in doing even more than is says at the tin." --Craig Berry, Political reviews Review
"The writer evidently understands her subject...she succeeds good in giving an account of the association that's either obtainable and engaging... If this can be first thing pupil reads at the WTO, then she or he may be good embarked on their enquiry." --Professor Tony Payne, division of Politics, college of Sheffield.
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Extra resources for The World Trade Organization: A Very Short Introduction (Very Short Introductions)
Example text
Voting procedures In terms of the actual counting of votes, most important decisions in the WTO are supposed to be taken by means of a simple majority. Exceptions to this rule are specified in Articles IX and X of the Agreement and in the relevant plurilateral agreement. In this matter too, the WTO presents a contrast to the IMF and the World Bank, where most decisions require an 85% majority. 5% of the votes. The requirement of a simple majority for a decision to be accepted in the WTO is important in that it imparts considerable voting power to developing countries, which form well over two-thirds of the entire membership.
Trade-offs between the Americans and the British underlay the greater part of the negotiation process for the Havana Charter, until the London Conference in 1946. In London, however, developing countries (led particularly by Brazil, Chile, and India) disrupted the cosy consensus and demanded that the Charter include exceptions that allowed them to impose special quantitative and other restrictions to facilitate their economic development. These countries were successful, and many of their demands were incorporated into the development provisions of the Charter, including a special section that identified economic development as a central objective of the ITO.
1. Trade rounds in the GATT Year Place and name Subjects covered of round Number of participating countries 1947 Geneva Tariffs 23 1949 Annecy Tariffs 13 1951 Torquay Tariffs 38 1956 Geneva Tariffs 26 Tariffs 26 Tariffs and anti- 62 1960–1961 Geneva – Dillon Round World Trade Organization 1964–1967 Geneva – 1973–1979 Kennedy Round dumping measures Geneva – Tokyo Tariffs, non-tariff Round measures, ‘frame- 102 work’ agreements 1986–1994 Geneva – Uruguay Round Tariffs, non-tariff 123 measures, rules, services, intellectual property, dispute settlement, textiles, agriculture, creation of the WTO, etc.